in recent years, the balanced score card (bsc) has been the focus of considerable methodology for strategic cost management in management accounting area since it was originally proposed by kaplan ,r.s. and norton, d.p. in 1992. bsc is an approach to performance measurement based on both financial and nonfinancial information from four perspectives which are called financial, customer, internal...

A common study to investigate gene-environment interaction is designed to be longitudinal and population-based. Data arising from longitudinal association studies often contain missing responses. Naive analysis without taking missingness into account may produce invalid inference, especially when the missing data mechanism depends on the response process. To address this issue in the ana...

in this research, the physico-chemical water quality parameters and the effect of climate changes onwater quality is evaluated. during the observation period (5 months) physico-chemical parameterssuch as water temperature, turbidity, saturated oxygen, dissolved oxygen, ph, chlorophyll-a, salinity,conductivity, and concentration of total nitrogen (nutrient level) as main pollutant factor have be...

This study develops a fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) based on a variable boundary layer. A fuzzy inference mechanism is used to on-line tune the thickness of the boundary layers of the controller. Minimum rule base has been used for the fuzzy inference system which results in low calculation effort. The aim of this paper is to design a controller which will eliminate the chattering of FSM...

Analyses using aggregated data may bias inference. In this work we show how to avoid or at least reduce this bias when estimating quantile regressions using aggregated information. This is possible by considering the unconditional quantile regression recently introduced by Firpo et al (2009) and using a specific strategy to aggregate the data.

Studies comparing dispersal in fragmented versus unfragmented landscapes show that habitat fragmentation alters the dispersal behavior of many species. We used two complementary approaches to explore Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) dispersal in relation to landscape fragmentation. First, we compared dispersal distances of color-marked individuals in intensively monitored continuous ...

We investigate the relationship between set constraints and the monadic class of first-order formulas and show that set constraints are essentially equivalent to the monadic class. From this equivalence we can infer that the satisfiability problem for set constraints is complete for NEXPTIME. More precisely, we prove that this problem has a lower bound of NTIME(cn/ logn). The relationship betwe...